Sunday 11 August 2013

TIPS FOR THE SAFETY OF KIDS

What we should do?
------------------

1, Always keep the baby neat and clean. 

2, Cut the nails properly with utmost care. 

3, Wet nappy should be removed and parts should be cleaned with soap. 

4, Take care of the genitals because fungal infection is common in that area. Parts should be kept dry. 

5,Care of the scalp is very important.Fungal infections, dermatitis ect can be prevented by proper cleaning. 

6,Tight dress can cause irritation, hence dress should be loose and should allow entry of air. 

7,Room should have sufficient light and ventilation.It should be free from dust and insects. 

8,Seperate bed preferably water proof is needed for kids .It should be arranged near mother's bed. 

9, Always keep some music making toys near the baby. 

10, While carrying the baby support the head with hand.Since the neck muscles are weak sudden fall of head can be dangerous.

11, Mothers milk is the best nutrition for the baby,it also gives emotional attachment.Breast milk should be given as per the babies need preferably in mother sitting position.Proper cleaning of nipple is also necessary.Mother should take good nutritious diet throughout lactating period. 

12, If there is some contraindication for breast feeding cows milk can be given.Feeding bottle should be cleaned with warm water and should be kept dry till next use. 

13, Cows milk should be boiled and cooled.Some diseases like bovine tuberculosis,brucellosis ect spread through raw milk. 

14, Some children are allergic to some substances like food,milk,dress,cosmetics ect.. Try to find out the material causing allergy and avoid such things. 

15, Mosquito nets should be used regularly.Diseases like malaria,dengue ,filariasis,yellow fever and ect spread through mosquito bites. Mosquito bite can also produce skin eruptions with some allergic reactions.It also disturbes sound sleep. 

16, A calm atmosphere should be maintained for a good sleep.Compared to adults infants need more sleep.It is said that growth hormone secretion is activated during sleep. 

17, Growth developement,behavioral developement,motor developement,personal social developement,language developement ect should be noted down in relation to age.  However parents need not be over anxious because slight variations are seen from individual to individual. 

18,Assessment of growth by measuring height and weight is necessary. 

19, In the early months of life infant may defecate after every feed.Proper toilet training should be given when the infant grows.The infant can be placed on the toilet seat by the age of ten months. 

20, The toilet seat (potty seat) should be cleaned with antiseptic liquid before and after use.It should not be shared by other children. 

21, If  the baby shows some signs of distress like excessive crying,convulsions,fever with rigor,stiffness of neck,frequent vomiting and diarrhoea,bluish discolouration of the              body,difficult breathing with grunting, ect pay attention and consult your doctor. 

22,A first aid box should be kept in the room ,which should contain sterile cotton,dressing materials,antiseptic lotion and ointment and forceps.Seperate book should be maintained to note down the phone numbers of doctors, ambulance,police ect. 

23,Child's medicines should be kept in seperate box.Information regarding dose and mode of administration should be written in a paper and affixed on the box.

24, while driving keep the baby in seperate seat belt. 

25, When you are going out with the baby keep an identity card with your phone number and address inside his small pocket. 

26, When the infant starts walking always accompany him to prevent a fall and injuries thereby. 

27, In emergencies take the first aid measures and take the victim to nearby hospital. 

Choking :--The baby may swallow some solid objects and cause obstruction.  Immediately make the baby to lie on the abdomen in head low position and press the abdomen backwards and towards the chest.  Stroking the upper back is also useful. If no result call a trained person to take the material with the help of forceps. 

Accidental poisoning:--  Try to takeout the poisonous subatance and induce vomiting (except kerosine & acids).  Wash the body with water to reduce absorption through skin.Identify the pioson and take the victim to the hospital. 

Burns:--First of all remove the source of heat and put clean cold water.Burned cloaths should not be removed immediately.  Cover the wound with sterile cotton and take to nearby hospital. 

Wounds :--Clean the wound with clean water and stop the bleeding by compressing,raising the wound above the level of heart or use a tourniquet to compress blood vessels.  Then dress the wound with sterile cotton and bandage and consult a doctor. 

Drowning in bath tub:--Take the baby immediately and keep in head low position ,press the abdomen gentely or give a mouth to mouth sucking till the air way is clear.  Give mouth to mouth breathing and cardiac massage and take the victim to the hospital.

Electric shock:--Stop the source of current.  Then observe the victim,if no breathing give mouth to mouth breath along with cardiac massage and take to the hospital. 

28, And the last but not the least, give your child maximum care, love and support to make him healthy and happy for ever. 


What we should not do?
----------------------


1, Never shake the baby, it can cause damage to the brain. 

2,Don't keep any small articles near the baby .    

3,Sharp pointed articles like pen, pencil, ect should not be given to kids. 

4,Avoid entry of water in to the ear while giving a bath. 

5,Food should not be given forcibly when the baby is crying or coughing continuously. 

6,Should not overfeed the baby. 

7,Articles like mosquito repellents ,moth balls,ink,gum,medicines,ect should be kept away. 

8,Avoid tight cloathings. 

9,Should not be placed near the edge of the bed. 

10,Should not give the baby to strangers and avoid close contact with others. 

11,All electrical instruments should be kept away,and bed should not be arranged near electrical sockets and wires. 

12,Kitchen is a dangerous place for children.Don't keep them alone in the kitchen. 

13,Water level in the bath tub should be minimum and don't go for any other works(to attent phone call or calling bell ect) when the  baby is in the tub.  

14,Avoid smoking inside the house. 

15,Should not allow pet animals to be in very close contact with the kids.(anti rabies injections should be given to pets and cut their nails properly) 

16,When the child starts walking should not be kept alone on the upstairs and should not allow them to climb the steps. 

17,Strong light should be avoided in the room.  

18,When you are travelling don't give the food articles given by co passengers. 

19,Baby should not be allowed to crawl on the soil. 

20,If you are sick or someone else is sick be away from the kids. 

21,Dont take the baby to hospital wards,crowded market places and polluted dusty areas. 

22,Table lamp should not be kept near the kids,this will attract insects at night and cause problems. 

23,Others medicine should not be given to the children.  

24,Medicine which has crossed the expiery date should not be used. 

TIPS FOR THE SAFETY OF KIDS

What we should do?
------------------

1, Always keep the baby neat and clean. 

2, Cut the nails properly with utmost care. 

3, Wet nappy should be removed and parts should be cleaned with soap. 

4, Take care of the genitals because fungal infection is common in that area. Parts should be kept dry. 

5,Care of the scalp is very important.Fungal infections, dermatitis ect can be prevented by proper cleaning. 

6,Tight dress can cause irritation, hence dress should be loose and should allow entry of air. 

7,Room should have sufficient light and ventilation.It should be free from dust and insects. 

8,Seperate bed preferably water proof is needed for kids .It should be arranged near mother's bed. 

9, Always keep some music making toys near the baby. 

10, While carrying the baby support the head with hand.Since the neck muscles are weak sudden fall of head can be dangerous.

11, Mothers milk is the best nutrition for the baby,it also gives emotional attachment.Breast milk should be given as per the babies need preferably in mother sitting position.Proper cleaning of nipple is also necessary.Mother should take good nutritious diet throughout lactating period. 

12, If there is some contraindication for breast feeding cows milk can be given.Feeding bottle should be cleaned with warm water and should be kept dry till next use. 

13, Cows milk should be boiled and cooled.Some diseases like bovine tuberculosis,brucellosis ect spread through raw milk. 

14, Some children are allergic to some substances like food,milk,dress,cosmetics ect.. Try to find out the material causing allergy and avoid such things. 

15, Mosquito nets should be used regularly.Diseases like malaria,dengue ,filariasis,yellow fever and ect spread through mosquito bites. Mosquito bite can also produce skin eruptions with some allergic reactions.It also disturbes sound sleep. 

16, A calm atmosphere should be maintained for a good sleep.Compared to adults infants need more sleep.It is said that growth hormone secretion is activated during sleep. 

17, Growth developement,behavioral developement,motor developement,personal social developement,language developement ect should be noted down in relation to age.  However parents need not be over anxious because slight variations are seen from individual to individual. 

18,Assessment of growth by measuring height and weight is necessary. 

19, In the early months of life infant may defecate after every feed.Proper toilet training should be given when the infant grows.The infant can be placed on the toilet seat by the age of ten months. 

20, The toilet seat (potty seat) should be cleaned with antiseptic liquid before and after use.It should not be shared by other children. 

21, If  the baby shows some signs of distress like excessive crying,convulsions,fever with rigor,stiffness of neck,frequent vomiting and diarrhoea,bluish discolouration of the              body,difficult breathing with grunting, ect pay attention and consult your doctor. 

22,A first aid box should be kept in the room ,which should contain sterile cotton,dressing materials,antiseptic lotion and ointment and forceps.Seperate book should be maintained to note down the phone numbers of doctors, ambulance,police ect. 

23,Child's medicines should be kept in seperate box.Information regarding dose and mode of administration should be written in a paper and affixed on the box.

24, while driving keep the baby in seperate seat belt. 

25, When you are going out with the baby keep an identity card with your phone number and address inside his small pocket. 

26, When the infant starts walking always accompany him to prevent a fall and injuries thereby. 

27, In emergencies take the first aid measures and take the victim to nearby hospital. 

Choking :--The baby may swallow some solid objects and cause obstruction.  Immediately make the baby to lie on the abdomen in head low position and press the abdomen backwards and towards the chest.  Stroking the upper back is also useful. If no result call a trained person to take the material with the help of forceps. 

Accidental poisoning:--  Try to takeout the poisonous subatance and induce vomiting (except kerosine & acids).  Wash the body with water to reduce absorption through skin.Identify the pioson and take the victim to the hospital. 

Burns:--First of all remove the source of heat and put clean cold water.Burned cloaths should not be removed immediately.  Cover the wound with sterile cotton and take to nearby hospital. 

Wounds :--Clean the wound with clean water and stop the bleeding by compressing,raising the wound above the level of heart or use a tourniquet to compress blood vessels.  Then dress the wound with sterile cotton and bandage and consult a doctor. 

Drowning in bath tub:--Take the baby immediately and keep in head low position ,press the abdomen gentely or give a mouth to mouth sucking till the air way is clear.  Give mouth to mouth breathing and cardiac massage and take the victim to the hospital.

Electric shock:--Stop the source of current.  Then observe the victim,if no breathing give mouth to mouth breath along with cardiac massage and take to the hospital. 

28, And the last but not the least, give your child maximum care, love and support to make him healthy and happy for ever. 


What we should not do?
----------------------


1, Never shake the baby, it can cause damage to the brain. 

2,Don't keep any small articles near the baby .    

3,Sharp pointed articles like pen, pencil, ect should not be given to kids. 

4,Avoid entry of water in to the ear while giving a bath. 

5,Food should not be given forcibly when the baby is crying or coughing continuously. 

6,Should not overfeed the baby. 

7,Articles like mosquito repellents ,moth balls,ink,gum,medicines,ect should be kept away. 

8,Avoid tight cloathings. 

9,Should not be placed near the edge of the bed. 

10,Should not give the baby to strangers and avoid close contact with others. 

11,All electrical instruments should be kept away,and bed should not be arranged near electrical sockets and wires. 

12,Kitchen is a dangerous place for children.Don't keep them alone in the kitchen. 

13,Water level in the bath tub should be minimum and don't go for any other works(to attent phone call or calling bell ect) when the  baby is in the tub.  

14,Avoid smoking inside the house. 

15,Should not allow pet animals to be in very close contact with the kids.(anti rabies injections should be given to pets and cut their nails properly) 

16,When the child starts walking should not be kept alone on the upstairs and should not allow them to climb the steps. 

17,Strong light should be avoided in the room.  

18,When you are travelling don't give the food articles given by co passengers. 

19,Baby should not be allowed to crawl on the soil. 

20,If you are sick or someone else is sick be away from the kids. 

21,Dont take the baby to hospital wards,crowded market places and polluted dusty areas. 

22,Table lamp should not be kept near the kids,this will attract insects at night and cause problems. 

23,Others medicine should not be given to the children.  

24,Medicine which has crossed the expiery date should not be used. 

Wednesday 7 August 2013

TEACHING A CHILD TO WALK

Exercise is essentially important to the health of the infant. Its first exercise, of course, will be in the nurse's arms. After a month or two, when it begins to sleep less during the day, it will delight to roll and kick about on the sofa: it will thus use its limbs freely; and this, with carrying out into the open air, is all the exercise it requires at this period. By and by, however, the child will make its first attempts to walk. Now it is important that none of the many plans which have been devised to teach a child to walk, should be adopted the go-cart, leading-strings, etc.; their tendency is mischievous; and flatness of the chest, confined lungs, distorted spine, and deformed legs, are so many evils which often originate in such practices. This is explained by the fact of the bones in infancy being comparatively soft and pliable, and if prematurely subjected by these contrivances to carry the weight of the body, they yield just like an elastic stick bending under a weight, and as a natural consequence become curved and distorted. 

It is highly necessary that the young and experienced mother should recollect this fact, for the early efforts of the little one to walk are naturally viewed by her with so much delight, that she will be apt to encourage and prolong its attempts, without any thought of the mischief which they may occasion; thus many a parent has had to mourn over the deformity which she has herself created. 

It may be as well here to remark, that if such distortion is timely noticed, it is capable of correction, even after evident curvature has taken place. It is to be remedied by using those means that shall invigorate the frame, and promote the child's general health (a daily plunge into the cold bath, or sponging with cold salt water, will be found signally efficacious), and by avoiding the original cause of the distortion never allowing the child to get upon his feet. The only way to accomplish the latter intention, is to put both the legs into a large stocking; this will effectually answer this purpose, while, at the same time, it does not prevent the free and full exercise of the muscles of the legs. After some months pursuing this plan, the limbs will be found no longer deformed, the bones to have acquired firmness and the muscles strength; and the child may be permitted to get upon his feet again without any hazard of perpetuating or renewing the evil. 

The best mode of teaching a child to walk, is to let it teach itself, and this it will do readily enough. It will first crawl about: this exercises every muscle in the body, does not fatigue the child, throws no weight upon the bones, but imparts vigour and strength, and is thus highly useful. After a while, having the power, it will wish to do more: it will endeavour to lift itself upon its feet by the aid of a chair, and though it fail again and again in its attempts, it will still persevere until it accomplish it. By this it learns, first, to raise itself from the floor; and secondly, to stand, but not without keeping hold of the object on which it has seized. Next it will balance itself without holding, and will proudly and laughingly show that it can stand alone. Fearful, however, as yet of moving its limbs without support, it will seize a chair or anything else near it, when it will dare to advance as far as the limits of its support will permit. This little adventure will be repeated day after day with increased exultation; when, after numerous trials, he will feel confident of his power to balance himself, and he will run alone. Now time is required for this gradual self-teaching, during which the muscles and bones become strengthened; and when at last called upon to sustain the weight of the body, are fully capable of doing so. 

Exercise during childhood.
------------------------- 

When the child has acquired sufficient strength to take active exercise, he can scarcely be too much in the open air; the more he is habituated to this, the more capable will he be of bearing the vicissitudes of the climate. Children, too, should always be allowed to amuse themselves at pleasure, for they will generally take that kind and degree of exercise which is best calculated to promote the growth and development of the body. In the unrestrained indulgence of their youthful sports, every muscle of the body comes in for its share of active exercise; and free growth, vigour, and health are the result. 

If, however, a child is delicate and strumous, and too feeble to take sufficient exercise on foot, and to such a constitution the respiration of a pure air and exercise are indispensable for the improvement of health, and without them all other efforts will fail, riding on a donkey or pony forms the best substitute. This kind of exercise will always be found of infinite service to delicate children; it amuses the mind, and exercises the muscles of the whole body, and yet in so gentle a manner as to induce little fatigue. 

The exercises of horseback, however, are most particularly useful where there is a tendency in the constitution to pulmonary consumption, either from hereditary or accidental causes. It is here beneficial, as well through its influence on the general health, as more directly on the lungs themselves. There can be no doubt that the lungs, like the muscles of the body, acquire power and health of function by exercise. Now during a ride this is obtained, and without much fatigue to the body. The free and equable expansion of the lungs by full inspiration, necessarily takes place; this maintains their healthy structure, by keeping all the air-passages open and pervious; it prevents congestion in the pulmonary circulation, and at the same time provides more completely for the necessary chemical action on the blood, by changing, at each act of respiration, a sufficient proportion of the whole air contained in the lungs, all objects of great importance, and all capable of being promoted, more or less, by the means in question.

Sunday 4 August 2013

SUITABLE CLOTHING FOR CHILDREN

During infancy.
--------------        

Infants are very susceptible of the impressions of cold; a proper regard, therefore, to a suitable clothing of the body, is imperative to their enjoyment of health. Unfortunately, an opinion is prevalent in society, that the tender child has naturally a great power of generating heat and resisting cold; and from this popular error has arisen the most fatal results. This opinion has been much strengthened by the insidious manner in which cold operates on the frame, the injurious effects not being always manifest during or immediately after its application, so that but too frequently the fatal result is traced to a wrong source, or the infant sinks under the action of an unknown cause. 

The power of generating heat in warm-blooded animals is at its minimum at birth, and increases successively to adult age; young animals, instead of being warmer than adults, are generally a degree or two colder, and part with their heat more readily; facts which cannot be too generally known. They show how absurd must be the folly of that system of "hardening" the constitution (to which reference has been before made), which induces the parent to plunge the tender and delicate child into the cold bath at all seasons of the year, and freely expose it to the cold, cutting currents of an easterly wind, with the lightest clothing. 

The principles which ought to guide a parent in clothing her infant are as follows:  

The material and quantity of the clothes should be such as to preserve a sufficient proportion of warmth to the body, regulated therefore by the season of the year, and the delicacy or strength of the infant's constitution. In effecting this, however, the parent must guard against the too common practice of enveloping the child in innumerable folds of warm clothing, and keeping it constantly confined to very hot and close rooms; thus running into the opposite extreme to that to which I have just alluded: for nothing tends so much to enfeeble the constitution, to induce disease, and render the skin highly susceptible to the impression of cold; and thus to produce those very ailments which it is the chief intention to guard against. 

In their make they should be so arranged as to put no restrictions to the free movements of all parts of the child's body; and so loose and easy as to permit the insensible perspiration to have a free exit, instead of being confined to and absorbed by the clothes, and held in contact with the skin, till it gives rise to irritation. 

In their quality they should be such as not to irritate the delicate skin of the child. In infancy, therefore, flannel is rather too rough, but is desirable as the child grows older, as it gives a gentle stimulus to the skin, and maintains health. 

In its construction the dress should be so simple as to admit of being quickly put on, since dressing is irksome to the infant, causing it to cry, and exciting as much mental irritation as it is capable of feeling. Pins should be wholly dispensed with, their use being hazardous through the carelessness of nurses, and even through the ordinary movements of the infant itself. 

The clothing must be changed daily. It is eminently conducive to good health that a complete change of dress should be made every day. If this is not done, washing will, in a great measure, fail in its object, especially in insuring freedom from skin diseases. 

During childhood.
----------------  

The clothing of the child should possess the same properties as that of infancy. It should afford due warmth, be of such materials as do not irritate the skin, and so made as to occasion no unnatural constriction. 

In reference to due warmth, it may be well again to repeat, that too little clothing is frequently productive of the most sudden attacks of active disease; and that children who are thus exposed with thin clothing in a climate so variable as ours are the frequent subjects of croup, and other dangerous affections of the air- passages and lungs. On the other hand, it must not be forgotten, that too warm clothing is a source of disease, sometimes even of the same diseases which originate in exposure to cold, and often renders the frame more susceptible of the impressions of cold, especially of cold air taken into the lungs. Regulate the clothing, then, according to the season; resume the winter dress early; lay it aside late; for it is in spring and autumn that the vicissitudes in our climate are greatest, and congestive and inflammatory complaints most common. 

With regard to material (as was before observed), the skin will at this age bear flannel next to it; and it is now not only proper, but necessary. It may be put off with advantage during the night, and cotton maybe substituted during the summer, the flannel being resumed early in the autumn. If from very great delicacy of constitution it proves too irritating to the skin, fine fleecy hosiery will in general be easily endured, and will greatly conduce to the preservation of health. 

It is highly important that the clothes of the boy should be so made that no restraints shall be put on the movements of the body or limbs, nor injurious pressure made on his waist or chest. All his muscles ought to have full liberty to act, as their free exercise promotes both their growth and activity, and thus insures the regularity and efficiency of the several functions to which these muscles are subservient. 

The same remarks apply with equal force to the dress of the girl; and happily, during childhood, at least, no distinction is made in this matter between the sexes. Not so, however, when the girl is about to emerge from this period of life; a system of dress is then adopted which has the most pernicious effects upon her health, and the development of the body, the employment of tight stays, which impede the free and full action of the respiratory organs, being only one of the many restrictions and injurious practices from which in latter years they are thus doomed to suffer so severely.